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A new automatic convolutional neural network based on deep reinforcement learning for fault diagnosis

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0673-7

摘要： Convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved remarkable applications in fault diagnosis. However, the tuning aiming at obtaining the well-trained CNN model is mainly manual search. Tuning requires considerable experiences on the knowledge on CNN training and fault diagnosis, and is always time consuming and labor intensive, making the automatic hyper parameter optimization (HPO) of CNN models essential. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel automatic CNN (ACNN) for fault diagnosis, which can automatically tune its three key hyper parameters, namely, learning rate, batch size, and L2-regulation. First, a new deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is developed, and it constructs an agent aiming at controlling these three hyper parameters along with the training of CNN models online. Second, a new structure of DRL is designed by combining deep deterministic policy gradient and long short-term memory, which takes the training loss of CNN models as its input and can output the adjustment on these three hyper parameters. Third, a new training method for ACNN is designed to enhance its stability. Two famous bearing datasets are selected to evaluate the performance of ACNN. It is compared with four commonly used HPO methods, namely, random search, Bayesian optimization, tree Parzen estimator, and sequential model-based algorithm configuration. ACNN is also compared with other published machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods. The results show that ACNN outperforms these HPO and ML/DL methods, validating its potential in fault diagnosis.

关键词： deep reinforcement learning     hyper parameter optimization     convolutional neural network     fault diagnosis    

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MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1677-1

摘要：

● MSWNet was proposed to classify municipal solid waste.

关键词： Municipal solid waste sorting     Deep residual network     Transfer learning     Cyclic learning rate     Visualization    

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Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0828-7

摘要： The fracture risk of patients with diabetes is higher than those of patients without diabetes due to hyperglycemia, usage of diabetes drugs, changes in insulin levels, and excretion, and this risk begins as early as adolescence. Many factors including demographic data (such as age, height, weight, and gender), medical history (such as smoking, drinking, and menopause), and examination (such as bone mineral density, blood routine, and urine routine) may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes. However, most of the existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not consider the interactions of the physiological factors of humans. In addition, the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis has not been further studied previously. In this paper, a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network is used to predict the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis, and investigate the effect of patients’ physiological factors on fracture risk. A total of 147 raw input features are considered in our model. The presented model is compared with several benchmarks based on various metrics to prove its effectiveness. Moreover, the top 18 influencing factors of fracture risks of patients with diabetes are determined.

关键词： XGBoost     deep neural network     healthcare     risk prediction    

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A hybrid Wavelet-CNN-LSTM deep learning model for short-term urban water demand forecasting

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1622-3

摘要：

● A novel deep learning framework for short-term water demand forecasting.

关键词： Short-term water demand forecasting     Long-short term memory neural network     Convolutional Neural Network     Wavelet multi-resolution analysis     Data-driven models    

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Multi-model ensemble deep learning method for intelligent fault diagnosis with high-dimensional samples

Xin ZHANG, Tao HUANG, Bo WU, Youmin HU, Shuai HUANG, Quan ZHOU, Xi ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第2期   页码 340-352 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0629-3

摘要： Deep learning has achieved much success in mechanical intelligent fault diagnosis in recent years. However, many deep learning methods cannot fully extract fault information to recognize mechanical health states when processing high-dimensional samples. Therefore, a multi-model ensemble deep learning method based on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is proposed in this study to accomplish fault recognition of high-dimensional samples. First, several 1D DCNN models with different activation functions are trained through dimension reduction learning to obtain different fault features from high-dimensional samples. Second, the obtained features are constructed into 2D images with multiple channels through a conversion method. The integrated 2D feature images can effectively represent the fault characteristic contained in raw high-dimension vibration signals. Lastly, a 2D DCNN model with multi-layer convolution and pooling is used to automatically learn features from the 2D images and identify the fault mode of the mechanical equipment by adopting a softmax classifier. The proposed method, which is validated using the bearing public dataset of Case Western Reserve University, USA and a one-stage reduction gearbox dataset, has high recognition accuracy. Compared with other classical deep learning methods, the proposed fault diagnosis method has considerable improvements.

关键词： fault intelligent diagnosis     deep learning     deep convolutional neural network     high-dimensional samples    

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Deep convolutional neural network for multi-level non-invasive tunnel lining assessment

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 214-223 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0800-2

摘要： In recent years, great attention has focused on the development of automated procedures for infrastructures control. Many efforts have aimed at greater speed and reliability compared to traditional methods of assessing structural conditions. The paper proposes a multi-level strategy, designed and implemented on the basis of periodic structural monitoring oriented to a cost- and time-efficient tunnel control plan. Such strategy leverages the high capacity of convolutional neural networks to identify and classify potential critical situations. In a supervised learning framework, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles and the revealed structural phenomena have been used as input and output to train and test such networks. Image-based analysis and integrative investigations involving video-endoscopy, core drilling, jacking and pull-out testing have been exploited to define the structural conditions linked to GPR profiles and to create the database. The degree of detail and accuracy achieved in identifying a structural condition is high. As a result, this strategy appears of value to infrastructure managers who need to reduce the amount and invasiveness of testing, and thus also to reduce the time and costs associated with inspections made by highly specialized technicians.

关键词： concrete structure     GPR     damage classification     convolutional neural network     transfer learning    

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DAN：一种用于个性化推荐的深度联合神经网络 Research Articles

王旭娜,谭清美

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第21卷 第7期   页码 963-980 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900236

摘要： 传统推荐系统采用的协同过滤技术存在数据稀疏问题，同时传统的矩阵分解算法简单地将用户和项目分解为潜在因素的线性模型，这些局限性导致传统推荐算法推荐效果有限。在此情况下，出现了基于深度学习的推荐系统。当前深度学习推荐大多利用深度神经网络针对一些辅助信息建模，且在建模过程中根据输入数据类别，分别采用多条映射通路，将原始输入数据映射到潜在向量空间。然而，这些深度神经网络推荐算法忽略了不同类别数据间的联合作用可能对推荐效果产生的潜在影响。针对这一问题，本文提出一种基于多类别信息联合作用的前馈深度神经网络推荐方法——深度联合网络，以解决隐性反馈的推荐问题。具体来说，一方面，本文研究在模型的底层输入中不仅包含用户和项目信息，而且包含更多辅助信息。另一方面，充分考虑不同类别信息的联合作用对推荐效果的影响。在公开数据集上的实验表明，我们提出的方法对现有方法有显著改进。经验证据表明，使用深度联合推荐可以提供更好推荐性能。

关键词： 神经网络；深度学习；DAN；推荐    

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深度学习中的对抗性攻击和防御 Feature Article

任奎, Tianhang Zheng, 秦湛, Xue Liu

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第3期   页码 346-360 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.012

摘要：

在深度学习（deep learning, DL）算法驱动的数据计算时代，确保算法的安全性和鲁棒性至关重要。最近，研究者发现深度学习算法无法有效地处理对抗样本。

关键词： 机器学习     深度神经网络     对抗实例     对抗攻击     对抗防御    

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Assessing compressive strengths of mortar and concrete from digital images by machine learning techniques

Amit SHIULY; Debabrata DUTTA; Achintya MONDAL

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 347-358 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0819-z

摘要： Compressive strength is the most important metric of concrete quality. Various nondestructive and semi-destructive tests can be used to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete. In the present study, a new image-based machine learning method is used to predict concrete compressive strength, including evaluation of six different models. These include support-vector machine model and various deep convolutional neural network models, namely AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG19, ResNet, and Inception-ResNet-V2. In the present investigation, cement mortar samples were prepared using each of the cement:sand ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, and using the water:cement ratios of 0.35 and 0.55. Cement concrete was prepared using the cement:sand:coarse aggregate ratios of 1:5:10, 1:3:6, 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 and 1:1:2, using the water:cement ratio of 0.5 for all samples. The samples were cut, and several images of the cut surfaces were captured at various zoom levels using a digital microscope. All samples were then tested destructively for compressive strength. The images and corresponding compressive strength were then used to train machine learning models to allow them to predict compressive strength based upon the image data. The Inception-ResNet-V2 models exhibited the best predictions of compressive strength among the models tested. Overall, the present findings validated the use of machine learning models as an efficient means of estimating cement mortar and concrete compressive strengths based on digital microscopic images, as an alternative nondestructive/semi-destructive test method that could be applied at relatively less expense.

关键词： support vector machine     deep convolutional neural network     microscope     digital image     curing period    

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Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed

Harun TANYILDIZI, Abdulkadir ŞENGÜR, Yaman AKBULUT, Murat ŞAHİN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1316-1330 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0646-z

摘要： In this study, the deep learning models for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures were devised. Silica fume was used at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. Cube specimens (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) were prepared for testing the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. They were cured at 20°C±2°C in a standard cure for 7, 28, and 90 d. After curing, they were subjected to temperatures of 20°C, 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C. Two well-known deep learning approaches, i.e., stacked autoencoders and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, were used for forecasting the compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete containing silica fume subjected to high temperatures. The forecasting experiments were carried out using MATLAB deep learning and neural network tools, respectively. Various statistical measures were used to validate the prediction performances of both the approaches. This study found that the LSTM network achieved better results than the stacked autoencoders. In addition, this study found that deep learning, which has a very good prediction ability with little experimental data, was a convenient method for civil engineering.

关键词： concrete     high temperature     strength properties     deep learning     stacked auto-encoders     LSTM network    

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Dynamic prediction of moving trajectory in pipe jacking: GRU-based deep learning framework

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 994-1010 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0942-5

摘要： The moving trajectory of the pipe-jacking machine (PJM), which primarily determines the end quality of jacked tunnels, must be controlled strictly during the entire jacking process. Developing prediction models to support drivers in performing rectifications in advance can effectively avoid considerable trajectory deviations from the designed jacking axis. Hence, a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based deep learning framework is proposed herein to dynamically predict the moving trajectory of the PJM. In this framework, operational data are first extracted from a data acquisition system; subsequently, they are preprocessed and used to establish GRU-based multivariate multistep-ahead direct prediction models. To verify the performance of the proposed framework, a case study of a large pipe-jacking project in Shanghai and comparisons with other conventional models (i.e., long short-term memory (LSTM) network and recurrent neural network (RNN)) are conducted. In addition, the effects of the activation function and input time-step length on the prediction performance of the proposed framework are investigated and discussed. The results show that the proposed framework can dynamically and precisely predict the PJM moving trajectory during the pipe-jacking process, with a minimum mean absolute error and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.1904 and 0.5011 mm, respectively. The RMSE of the GRU-based models is lower than those of the LSTM- and RNN-based models by 21.46% and 46.40% at the maximum, respectively. The proposed framework is expected to provide an effective decision support for moving trajectory control and serve as a foundation for the application of deep learning in the automatic control of pipe jacking.

关键词： dynamic prediction     moving trajectory     pipe jacking     GRU     deep learning    

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Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023532

摘要：

● A machine vision-based prototype system was developed for fruit grading.

关键词： Computer and machine vision     convolution neural network     deep learning     defective fruit detection     fruit grading     microcontroller    

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基于深度Q学习网络与新训练算法的服务机器人主动物品检测模型 Research Article

刘少鹏,田国会,崔永成,邵旭阳

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第11期   页码 1673-1683 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200109

摘要：

本文研究了主动物品检测(AOD)问题。AOD是服务机器人在家庭环境中完成服务任务的重要组成部分，通过适当的移动动作引导机器人接近目标物品。目前基于强化学习的AOD模型存在训练效率低和测试精度差的问题。因此，本文提出一种基于深度Q学习网络的AOD模型，并设计了一种新的模型训练算法。该模型旨在拟合各种动作Q值，包括状态空间、特征提取和多层感知机。与现有研究不同，本文针对所提AOD模型设计了一种基于记忆的训练算法，以提高模型训练效率和测试精度。此外，提出一种最终状态生成方法判断训练过程中AOD任务何时停止。本文所提方法在AOD数据集上进行了充分的对比实验和消融实验。实验结果表明所提方法优于其他同类方法，所设计的训练算法比原始训练算法更高效。

关键词： 主动物品检测；深度Q学习网络；训练算法；服务机器人    

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Data-driven approach to solve vertical drain under time-dependent loading

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 696-711 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0727-7

摘要： Currently, the vertical drain consolidation problem is solved by numerous analytical solutions, such as time-dependent solutions and linear or parabolic radial drainage in the smear zone, and no artificial intelligence (AI) approach has been applied. Thus, in this study, a new hybrid model based on deep neural networks (DNNs), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to solve this problem. The DNN can effectively simulate any sophisticated equation, and the PSO and GA can optimize the selected DNN and improve the performance of the prediction model. In the present study, analytical solutions to vertical drains in the literature are incorporated into the DNN–PSO and DNN–GA prediction models with three different radial drainage patterns in the smear zone under time-dependent loading. The verification performed with analytical solutions and measurements from three full-scale embankment tests revealed promising applications of the proposed approach.

关键词： vertical drain     artificial neural network     time-dependent loading     deep learning network     genetic algorithm     particle swarm optimization    

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Digital image correlation-based structural state detection through deep learning

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 45-56 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0777-x

摘要： This paper presents a new approach for automatical classification of structural state through deep learning. In this work, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was designed to fuse both the feature extraction and classification blocks into an intelligent and compact learning system and detect the structural state of a steel frame; the input was a series of vibration signals, and the output was a structural state. The digital image correlation (DIC) technology was utilized to collect vibration information of an actual steel frame, and subsequently, the raw signals, without further pre-processing, were directly utilized as the CNN samples. The results show that CNN can achieve 99% classification accuracy for the research model. Besides, compared with the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), the CNN had an accuracy similar to that of the BPNN, but it only consumes 19% of the training time. The outputs of the convolution and pooling layers were visually displayed and discussed as well. It is demonstrated that: 1) the CNN can extract the structural state information from the vibration signals and classify them; 2) the detection and computational performance of the CNN for the incomplete data are better than that of the BPNN; 3) the CNN has better anti-noise ability.

关键词： structural state detection     deep learning     digital image correlation     vibration signal     steel frame    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A new automatic convolutional neural network based on deep reinforcement learning for fault diagnosis

期刊论文

MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal

期刊论文

Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

期刊论文

A hybrid Wavelet-CNN-LSTM deep learning model for short-term urban water demand forecasting

期刊论文

Multi-model ensemble deep learning method for intelligent fault diagnosis with high-dimensional samples

Xin ZHANG, Tao HUANG, Bo WU, Youmin HU, Shuai HUANG, Quan ZHOU, Xi ZHANG

期刊论文

Deep convolutional neural network for multi-level non-invasive tunnel lining assessment

期刊论文

DAN：一种用于个性化推荐的深度联合神经网络

王旭娜,谭清美

期刊论文

深度学习中的对抗性攻击和防御

任奎, Tianhang Zheng, 秦湛, Xue Liu

期刊论文

Assessing compressive strengths of mortar and concrete from digital images by machine learning techniques

Amit SHIULY; Debabrata DUTTA; Achintya MONDAL

期刊论文

Deep learning model for estimating the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume exposed

Harun TANYILDIZI, Abdulkadir ŞENGÜR, Yaman AKBULUT, Murat ŞAHİN

期刊论文

Dynamic prediction of moving trajectory in pipe jacking: GRU-based deep learning framework

期刊论文

Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

期刊论文

基于深度Q学习网络与新训练算法的服务机器人主动物品检测模型

刘少鹏,田国会,崔永成,邵旭阳

期刊论文

Data-driven approach to solve vertical drain under time-dependent loading

期刊论文

Digital image correlation-based structural state detection through deep learning

期刊论文